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General Motors Deepens Partnership With Honda, Takes Stake in Nikola

September 8, 2020 by admin 1 Comment

GM’s plans for the future show a company willing to take risks.

Nikola Corporation and General Motors Co. announced a strategic partnership that begins with the Nikola Badger and carries cost reductions through all of Nikola’s programs, including: Nikola Badger, Nikola Tre, Nikola One, Nikola Two and NZT. As part of the agreement, Nikola will utilize General Motors’ Ultium battery system and Hydrotec fuel cell technology, representing a key commercialization milestone for General Motors.

Within only five days, the General Motors Company changed the course of its business in ways probably not foreseen by most automotive experts.

On Sept. 3, General Motors and Honda announced that the companies signed a non-binding Memo of Understanding (MoU) whereby the two would work toward establishing a strategic alliance in North America. That alliance would explore the two automakers sharing vehicle platforms and propulsion systems in a variety of core segments.

Five days later, General Motors announced a strategic partnership with Nikola Corporation, parent of Nikola Truck Company, an emerging manufacturer of electrified vehicles. As part of the agreement, GM takes an 11-percent stake in Nikola.

GM and Honda Expand Their Relationship

GM’s MoU with Honda was especially surprising, given the latter’s long-running independent course. Even as Nissan partnered with Renault and Mitsubishi to forge an extensive alliance and Toyota took stakes in multiple small Japanese manufacturers, Honda seemed content to stay the course.

But we’ve seen a willingness on Honda’s part in recent years to soften its resistance to collaborating with other manufacturers. Indeed, Honda joined GM’s battery module initiative in 2018, then followed in April 2020 with an announcement that the two manufacturers would jointly build a pair of all-new electric vehicles for Honda. The EVs are based on GM’s highly flexible EV platform powered by proprietary Ultium batteries.

Models powered by Ultium batteries feature a range of 400 miles or longer and are designed for Level 2 and DC fast charging. The second-generation Chevrolet Bolt EV, due out in 2021 as a 2022 model will utilize the new platform and battery system. A Cadillac Lyriq SUV will follow as will models for Buick and GMC.

The Honda-GM accord is a proposal, based on a joint committee composed of senior executives from both companies. The two will hold co-development planning discussions immediately, followed by engineering work set to begin in early 2021. Under the terms of the proposal, the two automakers will collaborate on building a variety of vehicles with a shared platform, including internal combustion and electric models. None of the models will be developed to serve other markets.

The automakers say that the companies will realize extensive savings in cost, including research and development (R&D) and engineering, and collaborating on purchasing.

Making a Case for Electrification

GM’s agreement with Nikola goes well beyond taking a stake in this upstart automaker. For example, the company immediately gains a $2 billion equity stake in Nikola, named for Nikola Tesla. Further, GM will engineer, validate, homologate, and build the Nikola Badger in both its battery-electric and fuel cell electric guises. Badger production is expected to commence by the end of 2022.

As a result of the strategic partnership, Nikola estimates it will save $4 billion in battery and powertrain ghosts over 10 years and an additional $1 billion in engineering and validation costs. As for GM, the company expects to receive at least $4 billion of benefits between the shares’ equity value, Badger contract manufacturing, supply contracts covering batteries and fuel cells, and EV credits that stay in place over the contract’s term.

GM and Honda have cooperated on projects dating to the beginning of this century. Since 2013, the two automakers have stepped up their cooperation.

Looking Ahead

Although the GM-Honda agreement must yet be finalized and is non-binding, the prospect of further collaboration between the two automakers is an enticing proposition.

We have no idea what vehicles the two manufacturers might build together, although it seems possible GM might perhaps gain car models, while Honda could benefit from GM’s truck lines. This is, of course, speculation but the possibilities are intriguing and will remain one part of a wider conversation involving electrification, mobility, technology, and collaboration.

Honda CR-V: Is This the Best Small Crossover?

June 12, 2020 by admin 1 Comment

Honda’s compact crossover remains a safe bet.

Shopping for a new vehicle is never easy, as there are so many makes, models, trims, and package options to consider. Even if you narrow the list considerably, there’s always the risk you’ll drive away with something less than the ideal vehicle.

But searching for a Honda means you’re virtually guaranteed to find one that fits your budget and will last a long time. This automaker’s reputation precedes it, as it continues to build on nearly 50 years of trust. The compact Honda CR-V crossover utility vehicle is one of the best-selling models from this manufacturer and remains a safe bet for consumers.

2020 Honda CR-V Review

Honda offers the 2020 CR-V in LX ($25,070), EX ($27,560), EX-L ($30,050), and Touring ($33,250) trims. Add $1,120 for the destination charge.

The CR-V has standard front-wheel drive and available all-wheel drive, the latter a $1,500 upgrade. This model seats five.

Exterior

The CR-V offers a somewhat sporty design with its big grille and stylish headlights. Its lower-grille opening is handsome and absent of chrome. Long sweeping character lines adorn its profile, while the rear is dominated by boomerang taillamps. These remind us of Volvo, but the design is not a mere copy.

The list of standard features includes halogen headlights with automatic on/off, power side mirrors, 17-inch alloy wheels, and a black roof-line spoiler. It’s a basic package, that is for certain.

Beginning with the EX trim, the features list expands tremendously. This is where fog lights appear along with a power-sliding moonroof. Honda also adds rear privacy glass, heated side mirrors with turn signal indicators, 18-inch wheels, keyless entry, and variable wipers. The EX-L trim adds the power liftgate, which upgrades to hands-free control at the Touring level.

The Touring trim pulls out all the stops as it includes rain-sensing wipers, LED headlights, roof rails, 19-inch wheels, and dual chrome exhaust finishers. It has the best look of the four trims, but you’ll pay for it.

Interior

Honda equips the 2020 CR-V with full power accessories, a tilt-and-telescopic steering column, cloth seats, and automatic climate control.

Move up to the EX trim and Honda adds illuminated vanity mirrors, push-button start, dual-zone climate control, a power driver’s seat with lumbar support, heated front seats, and a retractable cargo cover. The EX-L comes with a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob, leather-trimmed seats, and a power-controlled front passenger seat.

At the Touring level, Honda adds a heated steering wheel and ambient lighting.

We found the CR-V’s interior spacious, nicely appointed, and very comfortable. In fact, we felt that in many ways it was on par with the Accord, which is Honda’s beautiful midsize sedan.

The driver and cabin controls are set high, while the storage compartments are found low. The dashboard is cleanly layered with more soft-touch materials present than plastics. The Touring trim adds special design details, such as console surround that increases this model’s visual appeal.

The storage space behind the second row measures 39.2 cubic feet and that’s more room than what some midsize models supply. Fold down the rear seat and the storage capacity mushrooms to 75.8 cubic feet. There’s plenty of room for your yard sale finds as well as extra space for luggage.

Safety

The CR-V earns a Top Safety Pick rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The IIHS gives this Honda top scores in all crash-test modules. Its top rating is earned with the Touring edition as it has the best headlights.

The NHTSA gives the CR-V a top 5-star rating based on its performance in frontal crash, side crash, and rollover strength.

Under the Honda Sensing umbrella, the CR-V comes with several driver-assist features. Happily, they’re standard and include the following: forward collision warning, lane departure warning, a collision mitigation braking system, and a road departure mitigation system. You’ll also find lane-keeping assist and adaptive cruise control. Move away from the base model and Honda adds a blind-spot information system with cross-traffic monitor.

We laud Honda for making its driver-assist suite available across the model line.

Technology

The standard tech features include a 4-speaker audio system and a 5-inch color LCD screen. Bluetooth connectivity and one USB port are also standard. This is a bare-bones system, but we hardly ever recommend the base model for any vehicle anyway.

Beginning with the EX trim, Honda rolls out a 6-speaker audio system and a 7-inch touch-screen display. Satellite radio, HD Radio, Honda Link apps, Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility, and two USB ports are included.

With the EX-L, Honda brings in an 8-speaker audio system. The Touring trim welcomes navigation, a wireless phone charger, and a 9-speaker audio system. We’re a fan of wireless phone chargers, but we’re disappointed it isn’t offered on any other trims. We rarely recommend the top-trim model and that’s the case here.

Performance

Powering every Honda CR-V is a turbocharged 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine. Its footprint is small, but its performance suits this compact SUV.

With an output of 190 horsepower and 179 pound-feet of torque, this engine delivers more power than the Nissan Rogue’s naturally aspirated engine. The CR-V’s engine works with a continuously variable transmission to send power to the wheels.

We found the CR-V’s step-off power sufficient and its passing power was quite good. You can’t ignore the transmission as the arrangement utilizes a long band instead of individual cogs like an automatic. At times, the engine was noisy, but the transmission soon adjusted, keeping the sound to an acceptable din. The CR-V offers light steering and responsive handling along with decent ride comfort.

Utilizing a CVT was a smart move for Honda as this powertrain arrangement yields about 30 mpg on most trims. You can tow with the CR-V as well, pulling up to 1,500 pounds when properly equipped. On the other hand, the Ford Escape’s towing capacity starts at 1,500 and rises to 3,500 pounds on some trims.

Competitive Set

The Toyota RAV4 and Nissan Rogue are the CR-V’s strongest competitors. But there are many other models to consider in this segment, including the Subaru Forester (with standard all-wheel-drive), Chevrolet Equinox, Dodge Journey, Ford Escape, Volkswagen Tiguan, Mazda CX-5, Mitsubishi Outlander, Hyundai Tucson, and the Kia Sportage.

Our Recommendation

Begin your search with the EX and you’ll find most of the amenities you want. That said, the EX-L probably offers the best value as it fills in a few missing features as mentioned previously. As always, we think the vast majority of customers will find the standard front-wheel-drive arrangement acceptable. But choose all-wheel drive if you live in a snowy climate or at least prefer the handling edge this system supplies.

In all, we can’t recommend a better SUV than the CR-V. We know the category is crowded, but Honda’s reputation for reliability and long-term value make this one a top contender amongst compact SUVs.

2020 Honda CR-V Specifications

Honda	2020 CR-V
Segment	Compact SUV
Price Range	$25,050 to $33,250
Destination Charge	$1,120
Standard Engine	1.5-liter, I4 turbo
Horsepower	190 @ 5,600 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	179 @ 2,000-5,000 rpm
Transmission	CVT
Seating	5
Curb Weight (pounds)	From 3,337 to 3,455
Wheelbase (inches)	104.8
Length (inches)	182.1
Width (inches)	73.0
Height (inches)	66.1
Head room (f,r…inches)	40.1, 39.2
Legroom (f,r…inches)	41.3, 40.4
Shoulder room (f,r…inches)	57.9, 55.6
Hip room (f,r…inches)	55.1, 49.5
Storage (cubic feet)	39.2, 75.8
Gross vehicle weight rating (pounds)	NR
Towing (pounds)	1,500
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	14.0
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	28/34/30 (2WD); 27/32/29(AWD)
Manufacturing Plant	Greensburg, Indiana

Data compiled by Tom Keegan. Specifications supplied by the manufacturer.

Coronavirus Strikes; Industry Reacts

March 19, 2020 by admin 3 Comments

It was only a matter of time before the U.S. auto industry reacted to the coronavirus pandemic, as both domestic and foreign-based manufacturers announced plans this week to thwart the spread of the contagion. The action taken varies from automaker to automaker, but ultimately a full production shut down ranging from a few days to up to two weeks, perhaps more, is occurring.

Following positive COVID-19 test results from one or more plant workers, companies such as Fiat Chrysler, GM, and Ford are idling their plants for at least 10 days. The companies responded to union pressure to shut down their plants, following Honda’s decision to take a six-day break of its own.

Honda workers are not represented by a union.

The industry-wide shutdown is unprecedented and will go beyond the pullback manufacturers faced in 2008 as a result of a deep recession. Then, all three U.S. manufacturers faced collapse with Chrysler and GM ultimately walking through bankruptcy. After that, Chrysler merged with Fiat, and all three companies restructured and built vast reserves of cash to weather the next cyclical downturn.

After years of anticipation, that downturn is here, driven largely by a pandemic that’s shaken much of the world.

Nissan will shut its plants from March 20 to April 6, while Hyundai closed its Alabama plant and is disinfecting the same following a positive COVID-19 result for one of its workers.

Toyota plans a two-day pause on March 23 and 24 for all its North American locations, allowing for special cleaning as well as to readjust production for lowered demand. The company says it will resume production on March 25.

Mercedes-Benz has yet to announce plans for its Alabama plant, but it is likely to shut it down as part shortages loom. According to Bloomberg, the company is experiencing a parts shortage as the European Union is amid a 30-day closure. Italy, Spain, and France are all hard-hit with virus cases in Germany and other countries increasing sharply. Mercedes imports engines and transmissions from Europe, which power two utility vehicles built stateside.

As of this writing, Kia has no plans to scale back production or temporarily reduce worker headcount at its West Point, Georgia, manufacturing plant. The automaker told the LaGrange Daily News that it has a COVID-19 response team tasked with monitoring the situation and minimizing risks. These include restricting public access and shutting down the facility’s fitness center.

BMW intends to keep its Spartanburg (Greer), SC, plant operational, at least for now. The company ordered many of its office employees to work from home, but it will keep its plant running.

Responding to a Fox Carolina inquiry via Twitter, BMW said, “In regard to closing Plant Spartanburg, we continue to monitor the situation in South Carolina daily and are in close alignment with both state and local government officials. We recognize that we are in a dynamic situation and we are prepared to adjust quickly based on the daily analysis of the current environment. In parallel we have implemented numerous measures to protect the health and safety of our employees.”

Auto Trends has learned that other automakers with a manufacturing or business presence in the U.S. are also responding to the crisis.

For instance, Tesla plans to temporarily reduce its workforce from 10,000 individuals to 2,500, although a timeline hasn’t been announced. The company finds itself in an unusual position as the area is under a mandatory three-week shelter-in-place directive.

But employees who are going to work are violating the edict, which only makes allowance for essential personnel to travel. The Alameda County Sheriff’s Department contends the plant must shut down, although it may permit a smaller workforce to remain for non-production work only.

See Also — 9 Winners and Losers of 2019

Image by Tumisu from Pixabay.

Sporty Performer: Honda Civic Si

January 11, 2020 by admin 4 Comments

The Si is the sportiest of the Civic models outside of the Type R.

The Honda Civic is a compact car, available in coupe, hatchback, and sedan body styles. Along with the midsize Accord sedan and the compact CRV crossover, these three models comprise the lion’s share of Honda’s annual sales in the U.S.

Since its 1973 release, the Civic has grown from a tiny hatchback into a near midsize model. Now in its 10th generation, the Civic line demonstrates just how effective a model it is. Indeed, as competing manufacturers quit the segment or slow refreshes, Honda has doubled down with arguably the best-designed vehicle in the class.

As 2019 drew to a close, this writer had the pleasure of spending two weeks with the 2020 Honda Civic SI sedan (also available as a coupe), a sporty model that’s big on looks, technology, and performance. Honda markets the Si separately from the rest of the model line, therefore our attention is on this model only. The Si Sedan is priced from $25,200, plus a $955 destination charge. That was the price of our test model.

You can find various wheel upgrades and packages for further customization. One example is the Honda Factory Performance Package, which adds $3,999 to your cost. Here, you’ll find such features as an adaptive damper system, underbody spoilers front and side, 19-inch black alloy wheels, and summer tires. Special badging and black trim complete the highlights. When all is said and done, you’re looking at a $30,000 vehicle.

Bright colors and blacked out trim mark some Si models.

Styling Outtake

There are several features unique to the Civic Si, including fog lights, blacked-out trim, machine-finished alloy wheels, a center outlet exhaust, and a rear wing spoiler. The color choices are fantastic too, including the Rallye Red draping our test model.

Inside, the cabin’s sporty flair is immediately evident with the generously bolstered front seats, which includes red stitching and emblazoned “Si” markings. Shoulder, back, hip, and thigh support are spot-on or what you’d expect with this model. Front seat passengers will stay planted when tackling the twisties. That’s all we ask!

Other features of note include the standard moonroof, leather-wrapped steering wheel and shifter cover, aluminum pedals, and push-button start. Full power accessories, a tilt-and-telescopic steering column, and climate control are also included.

The Intersection of Tech & Safety

We applaud Honda for its “Honda Sensing” technology that’s standard with the Civic Si. This driver-assist suite includes a lane-keeping assist system, road departure mitigation, collision mitigation braking, and adaptive cruise control. Together, the package includes most features we’re seeing on modern cars at no additional cost.

One of our favorite Civic features is LaneWatch, which utilizes an embedded camera in the right-side exterior mirror. When activating the right turn signal, the camera captures that view and streams what it “sees” on the console display. This feature is very helpful when negotiating tight spaces and for cornering as anything outside of your line of sight is projected on the screen.

The Civic Si features a 7-inch display audio system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration. The expected USB ports are present as is a 10-speaker audio system. Satellite radio and HD radio are bundled within.

Power to the Civic Si

What powers the Civic Si seems familiar, especially given that it is a turbocharged 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine that’s available with some trims. But unlike the one found in other trims, this one is tuned to deliver 205 horsepower and 192 pound-feet of torque. That’s a strong improvement over the 174 horsepower and 162 pound-feet of torque elsewhere.

It isn’t just engine power that sets the Si apart from the competition. This engine works exclusively with a close-ratio six-speed manual gearbox tasked with sending power to the front wheels. Immediately, I sensed how well this unit is engineered as it offers silky-smooth shifts and flawless clutch uptake. It rivals the engineering found in far more expensive models, a true delight for inspired driving.

The Civic Si offers generous step-off acceleration and passing power. Turbo lag was never evident, perhaps due in part to the manual shifts that control high revs and gear changes. It’s old-school driving at its best – three pedals of foot action with full driver engagement required. Take those cell phone distractions and autonomous driving – shifting for yourself may be gone for most, but where it’s available and keyed in, the exhilaration cannot go unrecognized.

A center exhaust system offers differentiation.

It’s on the back, twisty roads where the Civic Si proves its mettle. Here, you’ll measure performance more by its engaging steering and spot-on handling. And although most of the weight resides over the front wheels (60.3% front/ 39.7% rear), the Civic’s relatively small size is the difference-maker.

And so is the helical limited-slip differential included with this model. This system supplies stellar traction at all times, as it transfers power to the wheel with more grip. As a result, superior steering control is the name of the game – you’ll pull out of corners sooner and with confidence. Yes, understeer is present at times, but it does little to detract from the drive. Between the adaptive damper suspension system, limited-slip differential, and the turbocharged engine, the emphasis is on spirited driving.

I’ve driven both the Volkswagen Golf GTI and the Ford Focus ST and found the Civic Si holds its own, at least from a drivability standpoint. The competing duo produces more power – 228 hp for the Golf GTI and 252 hp for the now-retired Focus ST – so there is that.

Of course, if you require more power, then the Civic Type R may be to your liking. This one has a turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine outputting 306 horsepower and 295 pound-feet of torque. While its competitors (Subaru WRX, Ford Focus RS, and Volkswagen Golf R) feature all-wheel drive, the Type R is front-wheel drive. We’d love to see an all-wheel-drive Civic, but that’s not happening, even with the refreshed 2020 Civic Type R

The center console and instrument panel with red highlights.

Making the Case

The Civic Si brings outstanding value to the class as every desirable feature is included. Unless you’re planning much track time, you don’t need to opt for the near $4,000 package upgrade. You can, however, upgrade to the summer tires at a much lower cost, which is ideal for anyone seeking a handling edge.

Naturally, if you desire even more performance, then hold on for the Type R which was introduced at the 2020 Tokyo Auto Salon this week. It comes as a five-door hatchback and includes a new two-piece brake motor design with new brake pads, engineered to reduce brake fade. New suspension dampers, stiffer rear bushings, and additional tweaks to the front suspension are also apparent. It’s a $10,000+ upgrade over the Civic Si, one that’s engineered for the ardent enthusiast.

The Si’s specially trimmed seats are covered in cloth.

2020 Honda Civic Si Specifications

Honda	2020 Civic Si Sedan
Segment	Compact car
Price	$25,200
Destination Charge	$955
Standard Engine	1.5-liter, turbo I4
Horsepower	205 @ 5,700 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	192 @ 2,100 to 5,000 rpm
Transmission	6-speed manual
Seating	5
Curb Weight (pounds)	2,762
Wheelbase (inches)	106.3
Length (inches)	182.7
Width (inches)	70.9
Height (inches)	55.7
Head room (f,r…inches)	37.6, 36.9
Legroom (f,r…inches)	42.3, 38.8
Shoulder room (f,r…inches)	59.6, 57.0
Hip room (f,r…inches)	55.9, 54.5
Storage (cubic feet)	14.9
Gross vehicle weight rating (pounds)	NR
Towing (pounds)	NR
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	18.5
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	20/29/23
Manufacturing Plant	Ontario, Canada

See Also — History of the Honda Civic

Data compiled by Tom Keegan. Specifications supplied by the manufacturer.

By the Numbers: 2020 Honda Accord

September 24, 2019 by admin 6 Comments

The 2020 Honda Accord is a roomy, midsize sedan and one of the best-selling models in its segment. This front-wheel-drive model is joined by the Fit (subcompact) and Accord (compact) cars. You’ll also find a range of Clarity electrified models, which are roughly the same size as the Accord.

For 2020, Honda offers a pair of turbocharged four-cylinder engines and nine build configurations. Its chief competitors include the Toyota Camry and Nissan Altima. Other midsize models to consider include the Chevrolet Malibu, Mazda 6, Volkswagen Passat, Hyundai Sonata, Ford Fusion, Kia Optima, and the Subaru Legacy.

By the Numbers

We’ve assembled some of the top figures or numbers about the 2020 Honda Accord, which cover a wide range of information about this sedan.

2 — You have a choice of two Accords. The first one is the usual gas-powered model. The second one is a hybrid. The standard Accord costs from $23,870 and tops out at $36,100. The Accord Hybrid starts at $25,100 and reaches $33,800. Add $930 for the destination charge.

3 — Honda supplies three transmission choices with the 2020 Accord. The base 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine works with a continuously variable transmission. Also, this engine may be paired with a 6-speed manual gearbox when shopping the Sport trim. The third transmission is a 10-speed automatic and it works with the 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine. It, too, can be paired with a manual gearbox on the Sport trim. Yes, the Accord is now the only midsize mainstream sedan still offering a manual transmission.

4 — As in 4G LTE Wi-Fi. The Accord Touring comes with built-in 4G LTE Wi-Fi (subscription required), turning this sedan into a mobile hotspot. It even accepts in-vehicle package delivery service from Amazon Key, which is a separate subscription service bundled with Amazon Prime.

5 — The 2020 Honda Accord one again holds a 5-star crash-test rating from the federal NHTSA, its highest score. As for the IIHS rating, Honda expects the Accord will once again garner a Top Safety Pick award.

7/8 — Most models come with a 7-inch touch-screen display, while the Sport and above models has an 8-inch screen. The larger screen also brings in Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration. All models include Bluetooth connectivity and at least one USB port.

10 — We’re up to generation No. 10 with the Honda Accord. The current iteration rolled out in 2018 and is essentially carried over for 2020. Introduced in 1976 as a compact car, the Accord became a midsize model beginning in 1989. Today, it is one of the largest models in its segment, offering interior space rivaling some large cars.

48 — Hybrid models have a reputation for excellent fuel economy. The Accord Hybrid proves this with its EPA-estimated 48 mpg in the city and 48 mpg on the highway for a combined 48 mpg. The standard Accord with its 1.5-liter turbocharged engine does quite well too, earning 30 mpg in the city, 38 mpg on the highway for a combined 33 mpg.

192 — We want power and the 2020 Honda Accord has it. The base 1.5-liter engine produces an even 192 horsepower and 192 pound-feet of torque, while the upgraded 2.0-liter engine bangs out 252 horsepower and 273 pound-feet of torque. The power numbers are in the range of most competing models.

Of One Accord

The 2020 Honda Accord is hands down one of the best cars you can buy. Its reputation precedes it and its long-term value is never in question. The hybrid variant starts out just $1,450 more, which means your investment should be recouped within just a few years.

2020 Honda Accord Specifications

Honda	2020 Accord
Segment	Midsize Sedan
Price Range	$23,870 to $36,100
Destination Charge	$930
Engine No. 1	1.5-liter, I4
Horsepower	192 @ 5,500 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	192 @ 1,600-5,000 rpm
Transmission	6-speed manual, 6-speed automatic or CVT
Engine No.2	2.0-liter, I4
Horsepower	252 @ 6,500 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	273 lb.ft. @ 1,500-4,000 rpm
Transmission	6- or 10-Speed Automatic
Seating	5
Curb Weight (pounds)	3,131 to 3,428
Wheelbase (inches)	111.4
Length (inches)	192.2
Width (inches)	73.3
Height (inches)	57.1
Headroom (f,r…inches)	39.5, 37.3
Legroom (f,r…inches)	42.3, 40.4
Shoulder room (f,r…inches)	58.3, 56.5
Hip room (f,r…inches)	55.3, 55.0
Storage (cubic feet)	16.7
Gross vehicle weight (pounds)	NR
Towing (pounds)	NR
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	Regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	14.8
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	30/38/33 (1.5); 22/32/26 (2.0T)
Manufacturing Plant	Marysville, Ohio

See Also — History of the Honda Civic

Data compiled by Tom Keegan. Specifications supplied by the manufacturer.

Photos copyright Honda Motors.

History of the Honda Civic

July 5, 2019 by admin 6 Comments

The first-generation Honda Civic, a right-hand hatchback.
(Public domain photo via Wikimedia)

A casual look at the automotive landscape over the past half-century and you will see how the Japanese automakers have penetrated the US market to become the automotive powerhouses that they are known as today.

From humble beginnings in the late 1950s to its market strength today, companies such as Honda, Toyota and Nissan have introduced dozens of models, including some that are the industry’s best sellers. Honda itself has achieved great respect in America for introducing fuel-efficient and high-quality small cars including the Civic.

Originally a subcompact model, the Civic has grown into a compact line with near midsize interior room, a vehicle that is also built in America.

American Honda History

Years before Honda began selling automobiles in the United States, this Japanese manufacturer established a U.S. subsidiary, American Honda Motor Co. in 1959. The company established its headquarters in Los Angeles and immediately began to market its line of motorcycles. By the mid-1960s it was an established leader, adding trail bikes to reach a younger audience.

In 1969, Honda introduced its first car, the N600, to the Hawaiian market and then to three western states, including California. Originally sold through motorcycle dealerships, Honda realized that Americans preferred shopping for cars through car dealerships, something it began to do in 1973 as the Honda Civic went on sale.

The fourth-generation Civic was sold from 1987 to 1991.
(Public domain photo via Wikimedia)

First-Generation Honda Civic

Honda’s entrance into the US car market was perfect timing. When the Honda Civic, its first widely available model went on sale, America was experiencing the first of two gas shortages that sent up fuel prices and had consumers looking at smaller, fuel-efficient cars. The Honda Civic was an all-new model, replacing the Honda 1300 it had sold in Japan.

The original Honda Civic was introduced in 1972 as a 1973 model, that vehicle was available as a coupe, a three-door hatchback, and a five-door hatchback. The first-generation Honda Civic featured an 1169 cc engine and had power disc brakes, reclining front bucket seats, and an AM/FM radio, equipment not offered or costing customers extra in competing, mostly American models. Immediately, Honda established a reputation for providing value, laying the foundation for model and brand success.

Winning New Customers

Honda’s success with the Civic can be attributed to several things including delivering a high-quality vehicle at a competitive price. Three years after the Civic was introduced, Honda stretched the hatchback’s wheelbase and created the Accord. Both models fueled Honda’s ascendancy and enabled this Japanese automaker to conserve costs by interchanging many parts between the two models.

Honda’s strategy with the Civic also included updating this vehicle frequently with product cycles as short as four years where six years was the industry norm. This allowed Honda to set the pace among small car producers and win new customers to the brand.

The seventh-generation Civic was offered from 2000 to 2005.
(Public domain photo via Wikimedia)

The second-generation model was introduced in 1979, coming in larger and with a 1335 cc engine. It offered a four-speed automatic and a five-speed manual transmission, something only its Japanese competitors offered.

Honda continued to build up and out the Civic line, through the 1980s and 1990s, adding different body styles including wagon and two-seat variants. In 1996 a natural gas model was introduced.

Modern Honda Civics

By 2000, the Honda Civic had completed its sixth generation, with a newly refreshed seventh=generation model released just before the turn of the millennium. That vehicle was sold in coupe and sedan configurations with a special Si three-door hatchback also available. It also marked the beginning of the Civic’s move from a subcompact to a compact model, following the Accord’s earlier move to a midsize model from a compact.

The seventh-generation Honda Civic also welcomed its first hybrid model, outfitted with a 1.3-liter gasoline engine and paired with a five-speed manual or a continuously variable transmission. The 2003 Honda Civic Hybrid was rated at 38 mpg in the city and 45 mpg on the highway.

Honda began stretching out the model generations for the Civic beginning with the seventh-generation edition, taking five years before the eighth-generation model was introduced. By then, the Honda brand was adding new models including its first pickup truck and a midsize crossover model.

The tenth-generation Civic includes a sporty coupe.

The eighth-generation model, introduced in 2005, assigned the coupe and sedan to one platform and the hatchback to a different platform. Throughout the 2000s the Honda Civic maintained its status as one of the top 10 best-selling cars in the country, typically competing with the Toyota Corolla as the top-selling compact.

In 2011, with the introduction of the ninth-generation model, Honda continued to offer gasoline and natural gas models, and also brought back the Civic Hybrid it had discontinued briefly a few years earlier. In 2015, Honda rolled out the tenth-generation Civic, available in sedan, coupe, five-door hatchback, Si trims, and Type-R models.

Tuners and Modifiers

Through the years, the Honda Civic has won numerous awards including Car of the Year recognition from Road & Track, Motor Trend and Automobile magazines. It has also been recognized as a top tuner car, a category that describes vehicles that are fun to drive and modify, according to Popular Mechanics.

Mugen Motorworks, a wholly-owned Honda subsidiary, has long been at the forefront of tuning Honda engines including those that power the Civic. Civic fans are known for swapping out their original engines for higher-displacement Honda engines in a bid to compete with the Volkswagen GTI, Mitsubishi’s Lancer Evolution, the Scion tC, and other models.

More than four decades have passed since the Honda Civic took to America’s roadways. This model has grown and evolved through the years, but it hasn’t lost its status as having one of the best resale values of any car on the road.

Dogs, Drivers, and the Honda Element

June 9, 2019 by admin 4 Comments

The Honda Element is a vehicle that defies easy categorization. One part utility vehicle, another part car, the Element is a multipurpose vehicle prized by pet owners for its available dog-friendly components. This four-passenger model had a nine-year model run, with production ending in 2011.

The Honda Element was an unusual people mover with excellent cargo utility.

Honda Element Overview

Two iterations of the Honda Model X were shown to consumers at auto shows before Honda committed to build what became the Element beginning in 2003. The boxy people-mover featured rear-hinged, rear doors, an absent center pillar, and a flat floor, a layout that allowed owners to carry a variety of gear ranging from camping equipment to skis to snowboards.

Based on the platform underpinning the Honda CR-V sport utility vehicle, the Honda Element measures seven inches shorter than the Civic sedan and is just over 70 inches tall. The Honda Element has 103.6 cubic feet of passenger volume and up to 74.6 cubic feet of storage volume with the rear passenger seat removed. It also features a 1,500-pound tow rating. Check with your used car dealer for available stock.

Models and Trim Levels

Front-wheel drive is standard with the Honda Element; all-wheel drive is available. Early on, the Element was sold in LX and EX trim levels, reflecting basic and fully equipped packages, respectively. Later, a mid-level LX model was inserted followed by a sporty SC edition.

Throughout its model run, the Honda Element was powered by a 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine paired initially with a five-speed manual or an optional four-speed automatic transmission. Beginning in 2007 the automatic transmission was expanded to five gears and, later, was the only transmission choice in the Element’s final year of production. The Element’s initial 160-horsepower rating was increased to 166 in 2007.

A pillarless entryway makes access and egress easy with the Honda Element.

Key features offered with the Honda Element include power side mirrors, remote entry, climate control, power windows, power door locks, an adjustable steering column, a four-speaker audio system, and a rear window wiper.

Available options included alloy wheels, a navigation system, an upgraded audio system, and satellite radio.

For the Dogs

The versatility of the Honda Element attracted dog owners to this vehicle in significant numbers. Pet owners cited the vehicle’s large, flat floor in the rear compartment as one reason for buying an Element as well as for its roomy interior. In 2007 the Honda Element received the Dog Car of the Year award.

Beginning in 2010, Honda offered a $995 pet package upgrade to expand the Element’s appeal to dog owners. That package includes second row and cargo area pet restraints, a cushioned bed with an elevated platform in the cargo area, a spill-resistant water bowl, doggy design embellishments, an extendable cargo area load-in ramp, a 12-volt ventilation fan, rubber floor mats, and second-row seat covers.

An available pet package includes a liftgate ramp.

End of the Line

In December 2010, Honda announced the end of the line for the Element citing customer preference for other models, particularly the similar CR-V crossover. Through its nine-year model run, more than 325,000 Honda Elements were sold in the United States, including small numbers outfitted with its pet-friendly package.

See Also — Honda Heritage Center Opens in Ohio

Photos copyright Honda Motors.

These Car Models May Soon Get the Axe

November 7, 2018 by admin 1 Comment

Sharply declining sales may spell the end for several car models.

The U.S. automotive market, indeed the entire global market has seen a shift away from cars to utility vehicles. Cars, while valued for their practicality and reasonable cost are yielding the market to utility vehicles, which offer an excellent combination of passenger space and cargo capacity. They’re also more profitable to automakers.

As such, manufacturers will soon lay the ax to several car models as the market shift continues. Soon, you may walk into a new car dealership and find no more than one or two car models available as utility vehicles, pickup trucks and an assortment of crossover-like conveyances take over.

Here’s our list of threatened models based on year-to-date sales figures through October 2018:

Chevrolet: Sonic and Impala

The bow-tie brand’s weakest models are its subcompact Sonic (hatchback and sedan) and its full-size Impala sedan. The two models were introduced or updated in 2012 and 2014, respectively.

Chevrolet Silverado — Like its top competitor’s Chevrolet’s best-selling vehicle is not a car.

Sonic sales are down 25.7 percent and will struggle to top 22,000 units this year. The Impala numbers aren’t as bad with Chevrolet selling 43,953 units, down 13.38 percent. We think the midsize Malibu sedan (-23.88%) will hang on for a while longer, mostly because it is rather new. The compact Cruze (-26.52%) numbers are way down too, but there is life left. Besides, it shares its platform with the plug-in Volt (-13.72%).

As for the Corvette (-21.23%) and Camaro (-25.87%), both models will soldier on with a mid-engined Corvette waiting in the wings. We can’t see Chevrolet killing the Camaro all over again, although sales now trail both the Mustang and Challenger.

Dodge and Chrysler: A Vulnerable Trio

Dodge and Chrysler are FCA’s two domestic car brands and both are hanging on. Dodge dropped the compact Dart sedan and Chrysler the midsize 200 sedans in recent years. What’s left is a trio of sporty models: The Dodge Challenger (+0.07%), Dodge Charger (-11.98%), and the Chrysler 300 (-12.83%).

Dodge Charger Hellcat — A succession of Hellcat models has kept the Charger and Challenger alive. But for how long?

The Chrysler is the most vulnerable of the three and will likely be replaced by a utility vehicle. We think Dodge will hang on to the Challenger and Charger for a few more years, making updates to keep these dated models fresh. But the tide is changing and we could see the Charger killed off first with the Challenger following a few years later. The Jeep and Ram brands are the big profit centers for FCA, thus every other brand is vulnerable.

Ford: Only the Mustang Remains

Ford has not been coy about its car models. Every single model except for the Mustang (-0.93%) is threatened. Already, the subcompact Fiesta (+1.05%) and compact Focus (-18.46%) are gone or will soon be gone from the U.S. market.

The midsize Fusion (-21.77%) and the full-size Taurus (-2.49%) will be the next to go, although one or more names may be affixed to a future crossover model. Yes, we’ve heard rumors of a four-door Mustang appearing, but all that noise is simply speculation.

2018 Ford Mustang GT — The Mustang “brand” is a blue oval success story.

Honda: Staying the Course

Sales of the compact Civic (-10.32%) and midsize Accord (-14.16%) may be down, but they’re not out. Indeed, Honda may very well sell as many as 250,000 Accords and 300,000 Civics this year. Even if sales continue to slide, both models are safe.

As for the subcompact Fit (-14.59%), sales aren’t likely to top 40,000 units this year. That said, Honda may keep the Fit around and not offer an update for some time. This automaker also seems committed to its Clarity and Insight electrified vehicles, though sales remain modest.

See Also — It’s a Wrap: 2018 in Review

Nissan: Maxima on a Short Leash

Like Honda and Toyota, Nissan will keep its compact Sentra (-0.34%) and midsize Altima (-16.64%) sedans. The Altima is new for 2019 and will offer available all-wheel drive for the first time. Although the Sentra was last updated in 2013, we think a new model will eventually roll out.

Nissan Maxima models — The Maxima is one of Nissan’s strongest names, but it may not have long-term staying power.

What might not survive is the Maxima sedan (-36.18%), although it shares its underpinnings with the Altima. Like other flagship models, the Maxima may no longer have a place in the Nissan product line.

Also threatened is the subcompact Versa (-29.87%), the sporty 370Z (-24.44%) and the high-performance GT-R (-2.49%). The last two will likely sell just 3,000 and 500 copies, respectively. Those aren’t sustainable numbers no matter how you slice it.

Toyota: Several Models Might Get 86’d

Imagine Toyota without the compact Corolla (-11.35%) and its midsize Camry (-6.94%) if you would. That’s hard to fathom, right? Well, both models sell slightly better than their Honda counterparts, so they’ll be around for some time. Indeed, a new Camry arrived in 2018, followed by an all-new Corolla hatchback in 2019 (we’re expecting a new Corolla sedan in 2020).

2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback — Toyota’s Corolla is hanging around and includes this sporty hatchback model.

The threatened Toyota models include the subcompact Yaris (-37.05%) and the hybrid Toyota Prius c. We doubt the Toyota 86 (-41.71%) will survive for much longer, although the nearly identical Subaru BRZ may soldier on. As for the full-size Avalon (+6.38%), it is also all new and gaining market share in a shrinking segment. We consider the Avalon the safest model in its segment by far.

Volkswagen: A Passe Passat?

Volkswagen has been undergoing intense changes these past few years following its diesel scandal. New or updated crossovers are taking a bigger slice of the sales pie and are driving sales. But models such as the subcompact Golf (-38.08%), compact Jetta (-32.77%), and the midsize Passat (-33.78%) are falling out of favor.

We think the Golf and Jetta will hang on, but the Tennessee-built Passat may give up its assembly line space to one or more new (and electrified) models planned. That transition may take a few years to complete, however.

Hyundai and Kia: Opportunity Lurks

Hyundai and Kia are joined at the hip, although the two Korean automakers largely operate as separate concerns. Hyundai supplies the vehicle platforms, then leaves each brand (plus Genesis) to decide how they will go.

In recent years, we’ve seen Hyundai do away with the Equus, Genesis, and Genesis coupe, along with the Azera sedan. Some of those models were replaced by Genesis brand vehicles when Hyundai rolled out its luxury brand.

Hyundai has also expanded its crossover offerings while bringing the electrified Ioniq (+37.69) to the market. We’re not sure the subcompact Accent (-51.12%) will survive, given that a new model rolled out in 2018. The compact Elantra (+4.06%) is performing well, but the midsize Sonata (-24.83%) has certainly seen better days. The sporty Veloster returned after a one-year hiatus and like the Elantra, it seems safe. Still, we think Hyundai will keep its car line in place as other automakers cut back.

2018 Kia Rio — Kia Rio sales are down despite a new model on hand.

As for the Kia, nearly the same can be said about it as we have said about Hyundai. Further, Kia continues to update even its slow sellers, such as the full-size Cadenza (-11.07%) and the luxury K900 (-26.14%).

A new subcompact Rio (+44.67) is performing well, although the compact Forte (-18.68%) and the midsize Optima (-5.74%) are not. Still, looking at Kia’s track record, we doubt any model will go away in the near future. In all, we think Hyundai and Kia may see opportunity in segments soon to be vacated by its competitors.

Looking Ahead

The shift to crossovers is, indeed, playing a large part in driving each brand’s portfolio. Two other factors, electrification, and autonomous vehicles, will play increasingly significant roles as we move forward.

The question not asked is this one: will manufacturers permanently adjust their portfolios? They may say yes, but market conditions can and do always change.

Witness Ford’s insistence a few years back that the Ranger pickup truck wouldn’t return. Beginning in 2019 we’ll see a new Ranger. And as for the Fiesta and Focus, both models will serve other markets and could at some point return to the U.S. if demand warrants it.

See Also — End of the Road: Ford Taurus

Isuzu, Toyota Part Ways…Sort Of

August 7, 2018 by admin 4 Comments

Do you remember the Toyota-Isuzu partnership? Probably not, as these two Japanese automakers are at polar opposites in their involvement in the U.S. market.

Indeed, Toyota is one of the top brands in the U.S., while Isuzu hasn’t sold a vehicle here since 2009. Certainly, Toyota dominates in several things, including hybrid technology, but it is weak in a few areas, including diesel engineering, which happens to be one of Isuzu’s strengths.

2017 Fiat 124 Spider. Not Isuzu. — This Fiat 124 Spider is the result of an agreement FCA made with Mazda.

Toyota, Isuzu Forge a Partnership

Thus, in 2006, Toyota and Isuzu signed an agreement to utilize each other’s resources in diesel development, a partnership that made sense at the time. For instance, with fuel prices still high and soon to reach higher still, the original agreement allowed both manufacturers to strengthen their diesel involvement. But as the ensuing years have attested, changes in fuel prices, customer tastes and regulatory concerns have changed things considerably. Diesel demand is down and likely to continue to fall.

So, Toyota did this month what makes perfect sense: it officially dissolved the partnership. Further, Toyota will sell its 50 million shares of Isuzu stock, which gave the company a 5.89-percent stake in Isuzu. Moving forward, the two companies will continue to collaborate on projects feasible to both.

In a press release, Toyota cited the automotive industry’s “sweeping, once-in-a-century changes” as the company’s reason for concentrating on other matters. For instance, the two automakers are likely to continue collaborating on other areas where they are strong. For Isuzu, that would be commercial vehicles. And for Toyota, that’s always been passenger vehicles, this automaker’s mainstay.

2016 Toyota Yaris iA — This Scion iA (now Toyota Yaris iA) is the result of a partnership between Toyota and Mazda.

Toyota and Mazda

Toyota has long collaborated or held stakes in junior Japanese manufacturers, including Mazda, Daihatsu and Subaru. In 2015, Mazda and Toyota announced a partnership whereby Mazda later supplied a vehicle to Toyota based on the Mazda 2. Originally sold as the 2016 Scion iA, this model is currently marketed as the Toyota Yaris iA now that the Scion brand has dissolved.

As for Mazda, the automaker is certain to benefit from Toyota hybrid technology, although as of this writing we haven’t seen such a model in the U.S. market. Toyota might also aid Mazda in all things hydrogen, yet another Toyota strength.

Auto Industry Buzzword: Collaboration

Industry collaboration is growing and will likely expand further as automakers deal with two matters that Toyota described as the “sweeping, once-in-a-century changes.” Specifically, these involve vehicle electrification and autonomy.

In June 2018, General Motors and Honda announced the second component of their earlier agreement, which builds on a joint venture to produce hydrogen fuel cell systems as early as 2020. The latest agreement covers electric-vehicle batteries, which is something GM will supply to Honda, according to Bloomberg. By doing so, GM will lower its own costs as both manufacturers ramp production of electric vehicles.

Waymo Google Chrysler Pacifica — Automakers are also collaborating with tech companies, such as FCA with Waymo.

For Honda, the agreement with GM enables the company to forge a partnership as its chief domestic competitors build their own. We already looked at Toyota’s stake in Japanese manufacturers. Nissan, however, has the most aggressive alliance going as the company has a significant stake in Renault and Renault has a significant stake in Nissan. In 2015, Nissan also purchased a controlling interest in Mitsubishi. The three companies currently form an alliance that sells more vehicles worldwide than any manufacturer.

Other areas of collaboration include GM and Ford working on automatic transmissions for the second time this millennium. In the early 2000s, the two manufacturers partnered to develop the six-speed automatic transmissions which were common in Ford and GM vehicles for more than a decade. Later, the two companies developed new nine- and 10-speed automatic transmissions, which are widely used today.

Getting it Done

So, although Toyota and Isuzu have officially ended their partnership, the collaborations will continue. As with many such efforts, the agreement is usually temporary and is sometimes fluid. As long as both parties see a benefit in working together, then these will continue. After all, lowering costs is the dictum of our day. Finally, consumers will benefit too, as those savings are passed on, making new technologies affordable for most.

Photos copyright the respective manufacturer except for the Fiat 124 Spider, which belongs to Auto Trends Magazine.

May Sales Tumble, But the End is Not Near

June 2, 2016 by admin Leave a Comment

Sales setback is temporary with some surprises thrown in.

US auto sales fell by 6.1 percent last month, but the end is hardly near. Instead, the industry counted two fewer selling days for May, accounting for much of the loss for the month.

2015 Ford F-150

Ford F-150 sales rose in by 9 percent in May.

US Manufacturers: Only FCA Rises

As expected, Fiat Chrysler sales rose by 1.1 percent, largely on the strength of its Chrysler Town & Country and Dodge Grand Caravan minivan models. Jeep was another positive spot and was the only Fiat Chrysler brand other than Alfa Romeo to post gains for the month.

Some manufacturers such as GM posted larger losses than expected. GM sales fell by 18 percent, while Ford’s drop of 6.1 percent matched the industry’s average. GM blamed much of its decline to a reduction in fleet sales.

Had Ford maintained its sales from last month, it would have topped GM. Instead, it closed the gap to about 5,700 units, while remaining ahead of Toyota. The bright spot for Ford was once again its line of F-Series trucks. In May, Ford sold 67,412 units, up 9 percent for the month.

Hyundai Records a Strong May

Every major manufacturer outside of FCA posted losses last month, but there was a noticeable exception from the Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group — Hyundai sales rose by a robust 11.6 percent; Kia sales edged up by 0.8 percent.

“Our refreshed CUV lineup continues to exhibit strength in this market,” said Derrick Hatami, vice president of national sales for Hyundai Motor America.

2016 Subaru Forester

Forester and Outback sales continue to pace Subaru.

As for the Big 3 Japanese manufacturers, Toyota sales fell by 9.6 percent, Nissan dipped by 1 percent, and Honda sales were off by 4.8 percent. But there were some bright spots here too — Scion sales rose by 38.6 percent as Toyota continues to wind down its youth brand. Infiniti sales were also up, climbing by 3.4 percent.

BMW Group sales fell by 8.7 percent, Daimler was off by 1.9 percent, while Audi sales rose by 1.6 percent. Volkswagen Group sales fell by 9.5 percent, dragged down by Volkswagen’s 17.2 percent plunge.

Jaguar Propels JLR

Jaguar, with two new products to offer, enjoyed a 79.7 percent increase for the month. Meanwhile, Land Rover sales fell by 8 percent. Thus, JLR sales rose by 8 percent based on Jaguar’s strong month.

“We are very pleased that through five months of the year, we have increased our business for both Jaguar and Land Rover brands,” said Joe Eberhardt, President and CEO, Jaguar Land Rover, North America, LLC. “The Land Rover brand continues its momentum from a record setting 2015, and Jaguar has taken off with the expansion of the Jaguar brand into two dynamic new segments with the Jaguar XE and F-PACE which are now on sale.”

Subaru Breaks a Record…Again

While FCA now has 74 consecutive months of month-over-month gains to its credit, Subaru is not too far behind with a 54-month streak of its own in place. Last month, Subaru had its best May ever, with sales topping 50,000 units. Its Forester and Outback models helped this niche automaker realize a 1.1 percent gain for the month.

And not to be overlooked is Volvo. The Swedish automaker is enjoying a strong rebound this year, largely based on its all-new XC90 crossover utility vehicle. Volvo sales rose by 10.2 percent in May.

“Our refreshed CUV lineup continues to exhibit strength in this market,” said Derrick Hatami, vice president of national sales for Hyundai Motor America.

Crossover sales, including this Santa Fe, lifted Hyundai sales.

“With 10 percent growth for May while the overall industry is down, and now eleven months of double digit sales growth, it is a true testament to the transformation of Volvo in the US,” said Lex Kerssemakers, President and CEO, Volvo Car USA.

Mazda sales fell by 4.3 percent, Mitsubishi sales were off by 5.7 percent, and Tesla sales rose an estimated 55.3 percent according to Autodata Corp.

SAAR Still Strong

Despite the sales drop, the all-important SAAR remains strong. SAAR or the Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate takes into account fluctuations, such as a sales calendar with two fewer selling days. For May, the SAAR remains above 17 million units.

Sales data per Automotive News and the car manufacturers.