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Highlights of the 2021 Nissan Rogue

February 19, 2021 by admin Leave a Comment

2021 Nissan Rogue SL — The third-generation Nissan Rogue in SL guise.

The compact crossover sport utility vehicle market is booming and that’s no surprise. These models have largely replaced the family sedan, offering similar five-person seating, better cargo space, and decent trailering. Among the best-selling models in this segment is the Nissan Rogue, which launched its third generation for 2021. We’ll take a look at this model, particularly the highlights to help you as you make your purchase decision.

2021 Nissan Rogue Highlights

1. Fully redesigned for 2021.

From top to bottom and front the inside to the outside, the 2021 Rogue is all-new for this year, launching this SUV’s third generation. Its footprint is close to the previous model, but the design with its upright pillars, slightly wider body, and better use of interior space yields a more comfortable model for five. The lighting arrangement upfront takes some getting used to, but it supplies a look that is at once sporty as it is elegant.

Inside, Nissan worked diligently to provide a more refined interior with better materials and a smarter layout. We think it’s a winner all around, especially on the top-end Platinum trim where the look is elevated.

2. Roomy interior.

Speaking of the roomy interior, this crossover seats five in comfort. Not many compact models can hold three comfortably on the second row, but the Rogue pulls it off. Move away from the base S trim and the driver’s seat gains 8-way control with lumbar assist. Both front seats are comfortable.

The rear seat legroom is satisfactory for average-sized adults, supportive, and is also comfortable. Finally, the two outboard rear seats come with full LATCH connectors for child car seats.

3. Spacious cargo room.

The overall dimensions of the 2021 Rogue are slightly smaller than the previous model, but the cargo space is improved, particularly with the rear seat folded. The standard space measures a laudable 39.3 cubic feet, which is the same as before. But with clever reconfiguring, the total cargo area behind the first row increases from 70 cubic feet to 74.1 cubic feet and that’s outstanding.

Also, take note of the two-tiered storage floor that can drop down to hold deeper storage. It’s the kind of arrangement we like when moving groceries that we don’t want to slide everywhere.

2021 Nissan Rogue SL

4. One powertrain choice.

Nissan found a winning formula in the Rogue, by offering just one powertrain choice. While some competitors offer two or more, that hasn’t hurt Rogue sales at all. Under the hood is a 2.5-liter four-cylinder gas engine with 181 horsepower and 181 pound-feet of torque.

Power routes to the front or all four wheels utilizing a continuously variable transmission. Although this is a winning choice for Nissan, some customers may be looking for more. Decent acceleration goes only so far, but the comfortable ride and the relatively quiet cabin are strong offsets to average power.

5. Fuel-efficient crossover.

Crossovers aren’t particularly fuel-efficient as the added weight and high profile typically puts them at a disadvantage to similar-sized sedans. The Nissan Rogue, though, manages quite well with its engine and powertrain.

Consequently, the EPA estimates are noteworthy – 27/35/30 mpg city/highway/combined for the front-wheel-drive model and 26/33/29 mpg city/highway combined for all-wheel drive. Take 1 mpg off the totals for the upper trims. Still, we find these numbers impressive. Importantly, our real-world testing parallels these estimates.

By the way, all-wheel drive adds $1,400 to your cost.

6. Excellent safety record.

We’re taking a bit of a leap here ahead of the official release of the IIHS and NHTSA crash test ratings, but we believe the Rogue will notch top scores from both entities based on its previous record. Regardless of the final scores, the 2021 Rogue offers a long list of driver-assist safety equipment, placing it near the top of the segment.

For standard equipment, you’ll find automatic high beams, automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection, blind-spot monitoring with rear cross-traffic alert, automatic rear braking, and rear door alert. On the options list are adaptive cruise control and ProPILOT assist, the latter offering a gateway to autonomous driving.

7. Lots of tech features.

Just as safety is an important consideration, the Rogue’s tech features do it service. Here, you’ll find a standard 8-inch touchscreen display, Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone compatibility, two USB ports, Bluetooth, a four-speaker audio system, and satellite radio.

Move up through the trims and such features as wireless Apple CarPlay, a wireless charging pad, 9-inch touchscreen display, navigation, two rear USB ports, and a Wi-Fit hotspot. A 12.3-inch digital instrument panel is another option to consider.

Competitive Set

The Rogue has no lack of competitors. In fact, some manufacturers offer two or more vehicles that are typically scattered across multiple brands.

Besides Nissan, the two other top sellers are the Toyota RAV4 and the Honda CR-V. Each of the domestics are well represented too with the Jeep Compass, Ford Escape, Buick Envision, GMC Terrain, and the Chevrolet Equinox offered.

Other models to consider in this segment include the Mitsubishi Outlander Sport, Volkswagen Tiguan, Subaru Forester, Hyundai Tucson, and the Kia Sportage. That’s a dozen direct competitors for the Nissan Rogue and we don’t include similar non-utility vehicle models such as the Kia Soul.

Our Recommendation

Our test model was the Rogue SL and we think it’ll interest buyers with its generous equipment list. The only trim we don’t recommend is the S as it is too basic. On the other end of the spectrum, the Platinum is now its own trim level, thus you’ll pay handsomely to acquire one.

Choose the Rogue SV with front-wheel drive and you’ll get many of the amenities customers want. Yet, if you live where snow conditions prevail, then opt for the all-wheel drive: it’s a $1,400 upgrade. At this level, we’d go with the Premium Package, which represents a $2,660 upgrade. You’ll pay just over $31,000 to acquire one, including the destination charge. Look for company-backed incentives to lower your final cost.

2021 Nissan Rogue Specifications

Nissan	2021 Rogue
Segment	Compact SUV
Price Range	From $25,650 to $36,830
Destination Charge	$1,095
Standard Engine	2.5-liter, I4
Horsepower	181 @ 6,000 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	181 @ 3,600 rpm
Transmission	CVT
Seating	5
Curb Weight (pounds)	3,371 to 3,633
Wheelbase (inches)	106.5
Length (inches)	183.0
Width (inches)	72.4
Height (inches)	66.5
Headroom (f,r…inches)	41.1, 39.2
Legroom (f,r…inches)	41.5, 38.5
Shoulder room (f,r…inches)	57.1, 55.9
Hip room (f,r…inches)	54.1, 53.4
Storage (cubic feet)	31.6/36.5; 74.1
Gross vehicle weight (pounds)	4,486 to 4,619
Towing (pounds)	1,350
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	14.5
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	27/35/30 (FWD); 26/33/29 (AWD)
Manufacturing Plant	Smyrna, Tennessee

See Also — Preview: 2021 Nissan Rogue Crossover

All About Sobriety Checkpoints

February 15, 2021 by admin 2 Comments

Drivers that are out late at night or who take to the road early in the morning and on major holidays may encounter a roadblock, a police department initiative designed to check for as well as deter impaired driving. Legal in most states, such stops are usually carefully planned and conducted to ensure that impaired drivers are caught and that your rights are protected. Here’s what you need to know about sobriety checkpoints.

Sobriety Checkpoint Laws

Sobriety checkpoints are handled by the states, territories, and the District of Columbia, and are legal in all but 10 states — Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Those states that do not allow them may forbid them by state statute or point to state or federal Constitutions where no “unreasonable searches and seizures” are permitted. Some states are very aggressive in conducting impaired driving roadblocks, with California conducting more than 2,500 per year according to the Governors Highway Safety Association.

Most states conduct checkpoints at least weekly with other states such as Delaware increasing or decreasing the number of roadblocks based on the season.

Federal Involvement

In Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz, the US Supreme Court ruled in 1990 that sobriety checks are constitutional while at the same time forbidding law enforcement personnel from stopping drivers without reasonable cause. Following that ruling, many states aligned their own rules to follow the US Constitution as well as the state’s constitution.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) works with the states to crack down on impaired driving. Campaigns in operation as of 2021 included “Buzzed Driving is Drunk Driving” and “Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over.” The NHTSA has run advocacy commercials, including a tie-in with the Robocop movie, and issues press releases, and distributes other media collateral to raise awareness.

Federal Rules

To assist state compliance with the US Constitution in conducting roadblocks and sobriety checks, the NHTSA has also issued rules in keeping with Michigan v. Sitz. Its guidelines are for both full-scale and scaled-back sobriety checkpoints with the states responsible for keeping within its own requirements.

The NHTSA recommends that the sobriety checkpoint be led by a sworn, uniformed police officer tasked with planning the checkpoint, an individual very familiar with state rules and law, and able to oversee the staffing and management of the checkpoint. Further, obtaining local prosecutorial and judicial support is necessary to ensure that all legal procedures are followed and that each case is effectively adjudicated.

Local checkpoints should also comply with existing laws and departmental policy, and site plans may need to be submitted and received government approval before checkpoints are set up. Some type of chemical test must be conducted such as a breathalyzer as well as field sobriety tests including standing on one leg or a walk-and-turn test. The NHTSA also recommends that law enforcement work with the media to publicize and promote what they do.

State Enforcement

By following federal rules and guidelines, the states can ensure that their efforts are upheld constitutionally. One area where all states are in agreement in is with the amount of blood alcohol level or concentration (BAC) that is considered a crime, specifically 0.08 or higher.

Almost all states automatically revoke or suspend the license of a driver if he or she fails a chemical test. Most of these same states make an allowance for limited driving such as traveling back and forth to work. Ignition interlock laws are in place in all states, a device that automatically detects the presence of alcohol and disables the ignition.

States are required to adopt open container and repeat offender laws or risk losing a portion of the state’s surface transportation funding that is provided to the State Highway Safety Office or DOT.

Your Rights

If you are arrested for impaired driving you must do your part to protect your rights.

First, never refuse to take a breathalyzer test — in many states your license will be automatically revoked and you will be fined.

Second, do not speak to the police and do not give a written statement.

Third, ask to have your attorney present and contact the same.

Fourth, document your own evidence. You may have only a few days after your arrest to challenge the administrative suspension of your license. A criminal attorney experienced in handling DUI/DWI cases can file a motion on your behalf.

Driving while impaired is a serious offense that can put lives at risk. Yet, your rights are constitutionally protected both during and after a sobriety checkpoint stop, and you have the right to consult with an attorney.

See Also — How to Fight Back Against Drunk Drivers

Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

All-Wheel Drive Finally Comes to the Toyota Camry and We Like It!

February 10, 2021 by admin 2 Comments

All-wheel drive comes to the Camry sedan range.

2021 Toyota Camry

If you’re shopping for an all-wheel drive model, chances are you’re looking at a crossover or a pickup truck. As for most cars, outside of luxury models, you won’t that option apart from Subaru.

However, in recent years we’ve seen models such as the Chrysler 200 and Ford Fusion Sport with all-wheel drive. Then there is the Subaru Legacy, which has standard all-wheel drive. More recently Nissan added an all-wheel drive option to the Altima and Kia did the same with its all-wheel-drive K5.

You can now count Toyota among the brands with an all-wheel-drive option in its midsize sedan, the Camry. It’s an optional feature only available with the four-cylinder engine, but we think it’ll find an audience for customer’s placing a premium on driving dynamics, especially handling.

2021 Toyota Camry AWD Review

Toyota prices the 2021 Camry from $24,970 to $35,545, plus a $980 destination charge. This model is available in eight trims. Another four trims cover the Camry Hybrid, which is sold separately. The Camry is a midsize model with room for five.

After releasing an all-wheel-drive option late in the 2020 model year, Toyota rolled out a few additional changes for 2021. These include Toyota Safety Sense 2.5+, an updated driver assist technology suite. Other changes include a new front fascia, new wheels, and a floating multimedia display. Toyota also overhauled the available options and packages this year.

2021 Toyota Camry

Exterior

We’ve spent extensive time with the Toyota Camry, especially since the current generation rolled out in 2018. For 2021 the model is refreshed with new grilles across the model line and new wheel choices.

The refreshed look keeps the Camry competitive in a segment where new models come out every five or six years. Now in its fourth year, the current-generation Camry maintains much of the look its had since 2018 and we’re satisfied with it.

That look includes a long hood, squat roof, and a shortened rear deck. The design is common to European rear-wheel-drive models and Toyota’s engineers managed to pull it off. Lots of character lines, cutouts, and strakes give this sedan personality. The refreshed front end isn’t dramatically changed although some trims gain a more defined lower air intake, while others benefit from a honeycomb grille. The available two-tone exterior with a contrasting room imparts flair.

Toyota equips the Camry with a variety of LED lighting elements, depending on the trim. The headlights, daytime running lights, fog lights, and tail lamps are enhanced accordingly. Color-keyed or black side mirrors, some with heat elements and power controlled, are available. Most models come with 17-inch wheels; you’ll also find 18- and 19-inch wheels choices.

Among the options are a power tilt-and-slide moonroof, a panoramic sunroof, a rear spoiler, and up to four exhaust ports. Special badging accompanies many trims, including a black or chrome AWD badge on our test model.

2021 Toyota Camry

Interior

How much room do you need inside a vehicle? We’ve found the Camry has among the most spacious of all interiors in its class, rivaling some large models. There isn’t a penalty seat in the house with ample legroom throughout. Still, the ideal riding arrangements features two in the rear with the available center armrest/cup holder folded down.

Toyota utilizes a variety of materials throughout the cabin. Near the base of the dashboard and front layout, hard plastics dominate. As you veer your eyes upward, soft-touch materials dominate, with double-stitching common. Wood inlays and patterned metals complement the look. As we’ve noted in the past, the Camry is far from the quietest model in its class – you’ll hear plenty of road noise while driving. The Camry’s trunk measures 15.1 cubic feet and that’s average for the class.

Among the standard features are full power accessories, a tilt-and-telescopic steering column, air conditioning, and fabric-trimmed seats. Move up through the trim range and imitation leather and real hides become available. Adjustable front seats, heated and ventilated front seats, and a heated steering wheel are among the options.

2021 Toyota Camry

Tech

Toyota supplies the Camry with a long list of tech features. Half of all trims come with a 7-inch touch-screen display and a six-speaker audio system. You’ll also find Amazon Alexa, Android Auto, and Apple CarPlay compatibility, Bluetooth, two USB ports, satellite radio, and connected services.

Four of the trims swap out the standard screen for a 9-inch touch-screen display. Some models feature an upgrade to a 9-speaker JBL audio system. A Qi-compatible wireless smartphone charging pad is available. In all, the features offered meet the expectations of most drivers, although a 110-volt power outlet option would have been great.

2021 Toyota Camry

Safety

Toyota’s safety quest is evident in the scores this sedan achieved in crash testing. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) awarded the Camry with a 5-star rating, its highest honor. As for the insurance industry-backed Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), the 2020 Camry achieved a Top Safety Pick+ award, which is also its highest honor. We expect the 2021 model will follow suit.

As mentioned at the top of the article, every 2021 Camry comes with the Toyota Safety Sense 2.5+ suite of driver-assist technology. These features include automatic high beams, a pre-collision system with pedestrian detection, lane departure alert with steering assist, lane tracing assist, road sign assist, and adaptive cruise control.

Other available features include an updated adaptive cruise control with full stop and go, blind-spot monitoring with rear cross-traffic alert, and rear cross-traffic braking.

Performance

We’re seeing the demise of the V6 engine across the midsize segment. That’s a shame because many of the previous offerings supplied substantial power. Where the V6 has gone away, manufacturers typically provide a turbocharged four-cylinder engine in its place. Happily, both the standard inline-four and the available six-cylinder engine are naturally aspirated. Both work with an 8-speed automatic transmission to send power to the wheels.

The 3.5-liter V6 makes 301 horsepower and 267 pound-feet of torque. Its power output is strong and comes in higher than some V8 engines from a few generations ago. We’ve driven Camrys with this engine as well as the Tacoma pickup truck. Suffice to say, it is a gamer. Certainly, there is very little torque understeer, although we must say that apart from the TRD model, handling is fair at best.

The base engine is a 2.5-liter four-cylinder. This one cranks out upwards of 206 horsepower and 186 pound-feet of torque. Both are laudable numbers and outperform most competitors. That the Camry pushes nearly 40 mpg in some applications while doing this is amazing.

2021 Toyota Camry

With all-wheel drive an option, the Toyota Camry adds a measure of control we haven’t seen in this sedan before. Instead of all power sent to the front wheels all the time, the rear wheels get in on the action.

However, that doesn’t mean the rear wheels are always active. Indeed, the system is a part-timer. Specifically, this means power is only sent to the rear wheels when slippage is detected. This may happen when conducting a fast start or when the roads are slippery because of rain, sand, or some other obstruction that causes spin. The system stays active as long as slippage is detected, then returns to front-wheel drive once it passes.

We kept our step-off acceleration under control, but we did drive on wet surfaces with the intention of causing the AWD system to activate. Sure enough, just as we passed over one wet section, then another, the rear wheels responded accordingly. Instead of possibly spinning out from underneath us, the Camry held its course. We were delighted with how quickly it responded to keep this sedan planted.

Competitive Set

The midsize sedan segment is narrowing as brands such as Chrysler, Dodge, Mitsubishi, Ford, and Chevrolet no longer participate. Instead, each of these marques (besides Chrysler) has given us more crossover utility vehicles to consider.

Although demand has fallen and the pie has shrunken with it, there are a number of participants remaining, including the Nissan Altima, Subaru Legacy, Honda Accord, and the Volkswagen Passat (itself soon to disappear). Other models in the segment include the Hyundai Sonata, Kia K5, and the Mazda6.

2021 Toyota Camry

Our Recommendation

Since the nature of this review centers on all-wheel drive, we’ll look at that feature primarily when making our recommendation.

Is all-wheel drive worth it? It can be, especially for anyone living in the mountains or along the coast where sand regularly covers the roads. For everyone else, it supplies a handling edge under slick conditions. Thus, if you want this option, it’s a $1,400 upgrade that may imbue the driver with a measure of much-needed confidence and assurance.

2021 Toyota Camry Specifications

Toyota	2021 Camry
Segment	Midsize Sedan
Price Range	From $24,970 to $35,545
Destination Charge	$980
Engine No. 1	2.5-liter, I4
Transmission	8-speed automatic
Horsepower	203 to 206 @ 6,600 RPMs
Torque (lb.-ft.)	182 to 186 @ 4,400 to 5,000 RPMs
Engine No. 2	3.5-liter, V6
Transmission	8-speed automatic
Horsepower	301 @ 6,600 RPMs
Torque (lb.-ft.)	267 @ 4,700 RPMs
Seating	2+3
Curb Weight (pounds)	3,310 to 3,595
Wheelbase (inches)	111.2
Length (inches)	194.6
Width (inches)	73.1
Height (inches)	56.3
Head room (f,r — inches)	38.3, 38.0
Leg room (f,r — inches)	42.1, 38.0
Shoulder room (f,r — inches)	57.7, 55.7
Hip room (f,r — inches)	55.4, 54.7
Storage (cubic feet)	15.1
Gross vehicle weight (pounds)	NR
Towing (pounds)	NR
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	15.8
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	28/39/32; 22/31/25
Manufacturing Plant	Georgetown, Kentucky

Midsize Performance Master: 2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

December 30, 2020 by admin Leave a Comment

A performance-oriented version debuts for the Hyundai Sonata.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Performance and a midsize sedan don’t mix, but that belief is fading fast. Indeed, several manufacturers offer sedans with sporty variants, giving customers a choice that goes beyond the average people mover.

With the midsize Sonata, Hyundai has offered some decent performers in the past, especially when a V6 engine was available. Now that the product line is composed of four-cylinder engines only, the performance side has dropped. Until now, that is, thanks to the all-new N-Line trim that’s destined to flex Hyundai’s sporty ambitions in the Sonata and select other models.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line Review

Hyundai prices the 2021 Hyundai Sonata from $23,600 to $33,850, plus a $995 destination charge. Also available is the Sonata Hybrid. The hybrid model is marketed separately and is priced from $27,750, plus destination.

The Sonata is a front-wheel-drive midsize sedan with room for five. For this review, we’ll concentrate chiefly on the N-Line, which was our test model. Otherwise, the Sonata comes in five trims with three engine choices.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Exterior

In 2011, Hyundai rolled out the most evocative Sonata to date, offering a sedan with styling that pushed the design boundaries while pulling in several luxury model attributes. Just four years later the Sonata was overhauled again with its dramatic expression relaxed. But beginning in 2020, with the release of the current-generation model, Hyundai once again has moved the needle.

The current Sonata has the look of a far more expensive car, with a silhouette that rivals BMW. Its front fascia features a gaping maw with LED lights and accent lights present. The accent lights are the most intriguing feature, as they move away from the grille and begin climbing up the hood. The way the lights and hood creases meet forms an unusual look, one that demands some scrutiny. All across its body, the Sonata features distinct character lines, a high beltline, handsome wheels, and a distinctive rear fascia.

That rear fascia is just as dramatic as the front fascia, with LED lighting connecting the taillights. There’s almost a bustle forming the trunk, a look that’s at once dramatic as it is elegant. Our N-Line model finished it all with its dual twinned exhaust ports – it’s the only Sonata trim outfitted in this manner.

Other N Line features include specially designed 19-inch alloy wheels; heated side mirrors; glossy black grille, side mirrors, and window surround; unique front and rear fascias; and a rear spoiler.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Interior

You’re forgiven if you mistake the Sonata for a large sedan. For several generations, the Sonata has represented one of the largest models in the midsize segment. Equally significant is that the Sonata is routinely classified by the EPA as a large car. Perhaps that’s why the larger and now retired Azera never succeeded – it was too close to the Sonata in size to offer much of a difference to shoppers besides its V6 engine.

The 2021 Sonata seats five adults comfortably. There’s ample room for two up front and supplies decent space for three in the back. Even so, we think two in the back is ideal with the center seat armrest folded down with the two cupholders made available. But let’s throw one qualifying remark out there: if the front passengers insist on having their seats pushed back, that will intrude on rear legroom. That’s true with any vehicle, but keep this in mind if your family is comprised of mostly tall members.

Although all trims are comfortable, the N-Line cossets its passengers with unique and generously bolstered N sport front seats with leather and suede seating surfaces and full leather for the rear seat. A long list of standard features includes full power accessories, a tilt-and-telescopic steering column, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, zoned climate control, heated front seats, ambient lighting, and aluminum sport pedals.

Storage space is quite good (especially at the base of the center stack) with enough pockets, crannies, and beverage holders to please everyone. The trunk measures 16 cubic feet, which is average for the segment. The 60/40 split fold-down rear seat expands that space accordingly, so put in the skis or find enough space to bring your yard sale finds home with ease.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Tech

Some screens are eye candy, but if that’s what you want to call the 10.25 touch-screen display sitting on top of the dashboard just above the center stack, we’re okay with that. Not only does the N-Line gain the “bigly” screen, but it is matched with a 12.3-inch LCD instrument cluster that’s also customizable.

Wow, just wow – we haven’t seen too many screens like these in other models costing tens of thousands of dollars more, but in the N-Line you have it. The look is amazing, the usefulness of both screens is definitely an important strength for this model.

The N-Line benefits from other features inherent to top-trim or luxury models. A wireless charging pad is standard as is a 12-speaker Bose audio system. For Hyundai, it’s the details that matter most, thus other features such as Homelink, a second-row USB port, and LED interior lighting are also included.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Safety

Nearly every driver-assist safety feature is included with the N Line. There is one exception, representing one feature offered with the top-of-the-line Limited: parking collision-avoidance assist.

In no particular order the N-Line comes with the following equipment: high-beam assist, driver attention warning, lane keeping assist, lane following assist, forward collision-avoidance assist with pedestrian detection, rear occupant alert, safe exit warning, blind-spot collision avoidance assist, highway drive assist, rear cross-traffic collision avoidance assist, and full-speed adaptive cruise control with stop and go.

We must say this about the Sonata’s active features: they represent the company’s groundwork toward autonomous driving. We’ve experienced similar arrangements with other brands, including Volvo, and have found Hyundai is keeping up with the best.

In the vehicle ratings category, the Hyundai Sonata garnered a Top Safety Pick award from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). This award applies to the Limited trim with its low-beam and high-beam LED projector headlights. Surprisingly, the one feature absent from the Sonata is adaptive headlights. Were these offered, the Sonata likely would have received the Institute’s highest ranking: Top Safety Pick+.

As for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), this federal agency gives the Sonata a 5-star rating, its highest score. The two scores combined underscore the safety strength of Hyundai’s midsize sedan.

Performance

One year removed from the release of the current-generation model, the Hyundai Sonata gains an all-new N-Line version. This one raises the model line’s performance quotient significantly, delivering something close to what we expect from a sports sedan.

Powering the new N-Line is a 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine. This same engine was developed for all three Hyundai Kia Automotive Group brands – Genesis, Hyundai, and Kia – with Genesis getting it first. This is important to note as the new engine should become a significant driver of the Genesis G70 and G80, although it’ll be specially tuned for Hyundai’s luxury brand.

As for Hyundai itself, the new engine is quite potent as it delivers 290 horsepower and 311 pound-feet of torque. Whether you realize it or not, those numbers are in the neighborhood of the small-block V8s produced by Detroit more than a decade ago – the new engine is not only more powerful, but it is far more efficient.

Paired with the turbo is an 8-speed “wet” dual-clutch transmission. The “wet” aspect is important as it manages power better and releases heat efficiently. We were impressed by how smoothly it shifted and how well it worked with the turbo engine.

Power routes to the front wheels alone – we could wish for all-wheel drive, but it isn’t currently offered. A better choice here would have been for Hyundai to add a limited-slip differential, which allows the drive wheels to move somewhat independently.

A differential’s job becomes especially important and evident when cornering, by cutting down on wheelspin while heightening traction. In other words, it limits the “slip” inherent in front-wheel-drive cars, especially those with copious amounts of power sent to the wheels as it does with the N-Line.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

But the performance upgrade isn’t the only change that makes the N-Line intriguing. Hyundai went all out to strengthen and stiffen the suspension system, including the shocks, springs, anti-roll bars, as well as the powertrain mounts. Hyundai also made an important change to the location of the steering-assist motor, moving it from the steering column to the steering rack, which yields a more engaging feel and precise handling.

The culmination of these changes includes using summer tires – our test mode was shod with Continental ProContact rubber, although these should be swapped out for all-season or winter tires once temperatures drop below 45 degrees Fahrenheit. We encountered cold weather several mornings, finding the tires clomped around until they warmed. We don’t advise this, though, as tire damage becomes a real possibility.

Start the engine and a faint rumble emits from the rear. It’s just a hint of the power on tap. You could ease the gas pedal or stomp on it. In fact, Hyundai offers a launch mode although we didn’t bother with it.

On the straightaways, the Sonata moves forward at a steady clip, picking up speed quickly as the turbo spools. The turbo lag was mostly imperceptible and that pleased us. The N-Line is clearly faster than any Sonata we’ve driven to date and we’ve covered more than one dozen over the past three generations.

Our time on the twisty roads revealed the Sonata’s weakness, but it still manages curvilinear expanses with minimal body roll. The steering is light, the Sonata’s handling is nicely weighted, and the sedan does a stellar job of absorbing most bumps.

Enter a curve and you’ll be braking, even if you’ve already cut your speed substantially – this is where a limited-slip differential is most useful, by ensuring that wheelspin is minimized. But be forewarned: without the corresponding reduction in power, you may be stunned by the amount of understeer present.

2021 Hyundai Sonata N-Line

Competitive Set

At one time, the Hyundai Sonata counted about a dozen models as direct competitors. Such is a segment that still attracts a strong cohort of shoppers, although several players have left. Not everyone wants a crossover or a pickup truck; the Sonata supplies much value to them in sedan guise…thank you very much.

In the midsize segment, three models vie for top honors: the Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, and the Nissan Altima. The Camry and Altima now offer all-wheel-drive variants.

Other models to consider include the Volkswagen Passat, Subaru Legacy, Kia K5, and the Mazda6. Interestingly, Kia and Mazda also offer all-wheel-drive variants, while Subaru’s offering comes with standard all-wheel drive.

Detroit’s three main manufacturers have exited the segment, taking with them a near equally long list of competitors, including the Buick Regal, Chevrolet Malibu, Ford Fusion, Dodge Avenger, and the Chrysler 200. Mitsubishi no longer offers a midsize model and nameplates such as Saturn, Plymouth, Oldsmobile, and Mercury are long gone. It’s a new world we’re in and change remains the industry’s constant force.

Our Recommendation

Hyundai gives shoppers plenty to consider when weighing the Sonata. Between the various trims and the other engine choices, Hyundai has the segment covered – except for a limited-slip differential or available all-wheel drive.

Despite the one glaring shortcoming, we can recommend the N-Line as is. This trim screams “luxury” and has all the comfort, tech, and safety features you want. Moreover, it supplies many of the creature features luxury shoppers want and does so for thousands of dollars less. Consequently, that fact alone makes the N-Line a value model among some very heady competition.

2021 Hyundai Sonata Specifications

Hyundai	2021 Sonata
Segment	Midsize Sedan
Price Range	$23,600 to $33,850
Destination Charge	$995
Engine No. 1	2.5-liter, I4
Horsepower	191 @ 6,100 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	181 @ 4,000 rpm
Transmission	8-speed automatic
Engine No.2	1.6-liter, turbo I4
Horsepower	180 @ 5,500 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	195 lb.ft. @ 1,500-4,500 rpm
Transmission	8-Speed Automatic
Engine No.2	1.6-liter, turbo I4
Horsepower	180 @ 5,500 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)	195 lb.ft. @ 1,500-4,500 rpm
Transmission	8-Speed Automatic
Seating	5
Curb Weight (pounds)	3,120 to 3,336
Wheelbase (inches)	111.8
Length (inches)	192.9
Width (inches)	73.2
Height (inches)	56.9
Headroom (f,r…inches)	40.0, 38.4
Legroom (f,r…inches)	46.1, 34.8
Shoulder room (f,r…inches)	57.9, 56.1
Hip room (f,r…inches)	54.6, 54.4
Storage (cubic feet)	16.0
Gross vehicle weight (pounds)	4,354
Towing (pounds)	NR
Payload (pounds)	NR
Fuel	Regular
Fuel Tank (gallons)	15.9
EPA Fuel MPG (city/highway/combined)	28/38/32 (2.5); 27/36/31 (1.6T)
Manufacturing Plant	Montgomery, Alabama

Got a Recall? There’s an App for That.

August 31, 2020 by admin Leave a Comment

Consumers have heard plenty these past few years about automotive recalls, especially those involving airbags supplied by Takata. Tens of millions of cars are currently affected by airbags that may release dangerous projectiles on deployment.

But the Takata mess is just the tip of a recall iceberg involving vehicles, car seats, tires, and other equipment. With as many as thousands of parts and accessories present in many modern vehicles, something is bound to go wrong. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) tracks this information and now supplies a tool to help vehicle owners stay on top of it all.

That tool is none other than a new SaferCar app that’s easily downloadable to most any cell phone. So, why this app? Because as important as it is to stay on top of recalls, many are going unheeded. Notably, the NHTSA says that one in four vehicles currently in use has a safety recall. That’s a risk to the driver, passengers, other vehicles, and pedestrians, and is something that can and should be tracked and fixed as soon as possible.

How well does this app work? Well, we headed to the Apple App Store (Google Play Store for Android) and downloaded a copy to our iPhone and found the process straightforward. Once downloaded, you’ll be prompted to respond to a request to expedite notifications. If you “allow” notifications, then you may receive alerts, sounds, and icon badges for notifying a recall. You can control these requests in your cell phone’s settings.

Registering your vehicle is as easy as identifying it by its make, model, and year. You may find various versions of your vehicle listed, depending on the body style and drivetrain. Choose the one that most accurately describes your vehicle.

The app makes it easy to identify your vehicle. To help the app “understand” what you own, either scan or input the 17 alphanumeric sequence that represents your ride. I would love to say it scanned mine, but it did not. Instead, I took a photo of the VIN and then inputted the information to the app. The easiest way, of course, would have been to simply add that sequence while standing in front of the VIN.

Once the app has your information, it’ll issue you an update for your car. Mine returned the following statement: “This vehicle has no unrepaired recalls.”

What’s especially helpful about the app is what it can do. You can enter as many vehicles you like, thereby setting up your “virtual garage” for tracking those details. Besides your vehicles, there’s room to add tire, car seat, and information about the many accessories you may have. If there is a recall notification for anything listed, it will appear. Importantly, the NHTSA issues prompt notifications once it publishes its findings. This means that allowing notifications may be the best way to go. Otherwise, you’ll need to check your app regularly for updates.

What the app cannot do is arrange a recall fix. Instead, once you discover your vehicle is under recall, reach out to your local dealer’s repair shop for guidance. If a part must be replaced, the shop will tell you whether it is in stock or not. Moreover, you’ll need to make an appointment to have the recall handled.

The good news about a recall, is that they’re typically covered by the manufacturer. This means the repairs are made at the dealership level and the dealer bills the manufacturer. The same goes for recalls covering tires, car seats, and vehicle accessories. If you’re not sure a cost is involved, just ask.

We haven’t used the app much since its launch. There are bound to be some bugs present early on, so expect updates along the way. With this in mind, respond accordingly to keep the app current to ensure all recall notifications are delivered immediately.

Photo copyright NHTSA.

4 Safe Driving Tips For Teens, Parents

April 18, 2020 by admin 3 Comments

Obtaining a driver’s license is a rite of passage for youngsters, one of the first major life privileges available to teenagers. Teens, however, are considered high-risk drivers with insurance companies charging correspondingly higher rates to reflect that elevated risk.

Safe Driving Tips

Teens and their parents should have a discussion about safe driving practices including the following four tips to help improve their behind-the-wheel skills.

You can help your teen driver by setting the example.

1. Set an Example For Your Teen

You may be entirely comfortable behind the wheel of a car, but your teen likely is not. In fact, he or she may be terrified and part of that terror may have something to do with the way that you drive.Be honest with yourself: if you do not wear your seat belt, have a lead foot and are prone to racing other drivers, these are habits that your teen might pick up. Consider how your driving habits might impact your teen and set the example by always driving responsibly yourself.

2. Supply Extra Behind-the-Wheel Time

Most states require novice drivers to first pass a preliminary test and obtain a permit before they will issue teens a driver’s license. With a permit, teens may only drive a car with a licensed adult present, an individual that can help the youngster learn the rules of the road and hone his or her driving skills.

The more time a parent or other licensed adult spends time with a teen behind the wheel, the more comfortable and confident that new driver will become. You can take this one step further by enrolling your child in a student driving course. Some high schools offer them, while private driving schools are also available. A professional instructor can go over the many nuances of responsible driving including road manners, how to respond in a skid, and other safety factors.

3. Consider Graduated Driving: Mandated or Not

Some states have incorporated graduated driving programs that allow for progressively more privileges as drivers gain experience. In Michigan, for instance, the state requires teens to pass through two segments of driver education instructions and three licensing levels before they are permitted to drive on their own without restriction. Students must maintain a clean driving record and obtain parental approval to advance to a full license. Once the teen turns 18, the graduated driver’s license (GDL) program ends, with full driving rights granted.

Even if your state does not have a GDL program, you can implement one of your own. Talk with your teen about his or her driving privileges and what it takes to gain additional privileges. Avoid your child’s pressure to give him something before he is ready: it may be his life or the life of another person that you save.

4. Remember: Distracted Driving Kills

There is no easy way to say this, but your youngster faces an increased likelihood of serious injury or even death if he or she is distracted while driving. Distracted driving takes the lives of more than 3,300 Americans each year according to the NHTSA. These distractions include texting while driving, personal grooming, eating, watching a video, adjusting the audio system and using the navigation system.

Many states have put laws on the books to restrict or forbid teen use of cell phones while driving. The NHTSA has found that 21 percent of drivers aged 15 to 19 involved in fatal crashes were distracted by the use of cell phones. Regardless of the laws where you live, talk with your teen about distracted driving and insist that they practice the same safe driving habits that you carefully uphold.

The Privilege of Driving

Driving is a privilege and not a right, something that may be lost on many Americans. Your teen should understand the gravity of controlling two tons of machinery and the consequences that poor driving habits can have on himself and others.

See Also — Tips for Teens Buying a First Car

Image by Pexels from Pixabay

The Recent, Worrisome Spike of Software-Based Defects in Vehicles

February 10, 2020 by Cole McKeon Leave a Comment

More and more technology is being integrated into vehicles in today’s world. Much of this technology is complex, leading to significant problems, as seen in the skyrocketing number of software-related vehicle recalls in the past few years. These problems were especially pronounced in 2018, which was a record year for software-based defects in vehicles.

The new Stout Automotive Defect and Recall Report, released in late 2019, suggests the increase in software-based electronic defects was “the most significant trend of 2018.” The report also reveals that 2018 had a record-breaking number of vehicle recalls based on software defects, for a total of 8 million–a higher total than the five previous years combined. 2018 also saw electronic defects accounting for the largest percentage of vehicles recalled, which was 26-percent or 6.3 million of all vehicle recalls.

How Stout defines software problems

Stout looked at a variety of sources, including National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recall data, Part 573 letters, quarterly completion reports and Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs). They’ve compiled the data from those sources and divided it into four digestible groups. The first three groups have defined the data based on a common failure/defect, while the last group, where the failure/defect could not be pinpointed precisely, is defined by its remedy.

1. Integrated Electronic Components (IECs): Failures involving electrical components that failed because of physical defect–from water intrusion to wiring failure.

2. Software Integration: Failures that occur because the software fails to properly interface with a vehicle’s components or systems.

3. Software Defect: Failures relating to a defect in the operating software.

4. Software Remedy: Failures where a software defect has not been found, but a software flash or replacement has remedied the failure.

2018: The worst year for software-based recalls

Software-based problems–of which software integration, software defects, and software remedy categories are all a part–increased for the second year in a row. One recall, in particular, was responsible for this increase, namely, the FCA (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles) vehicle speed control system recall involving 4.8 million vehicles.

According to Stout’s data, software-based defects/recalls have skyrocketed and, conversely, IECs–which aren’t caused or fixed by software–have plummeted. The report expects this inverse relationship to continue, as it anticipates software-based systems and components will dominate the car market. Software remedies will become more commonplace than traditional methods of delivery.

Overall, the number of vehicles recalled in 2018 due to software issues (8 million) was three times greater than the vehicles recalled in any other previous year. This figure also involved about one-third of all the vehicles that were part of non-Takata recalls for the year. The Takata airbag recall was the biggest safety recall in American history, according to the NHTSA.

When Software Defects Are Likeliest to Occur (Emergence Patterns)

In general, software-based defects occur within the first two years of a vehicle’s life, while non-software issues appear later and can be a potential risk throughout a vehicle’s life. This happens because software issues are more likely to be present from the start of a vehicle’s life. Conversely, non-software issues may emerge only after physical components are exposed to wear and tear or environmental exposure.

Since software integration is relatively new, this emergence pattern is subject to change, as consulting firms like Stout continue to monitor the data in coming years.

The Remedy Procedures in Detail

Stout looked at 10 years of data involving the narrative remedy descriptions for every electronic component recall to make the following findings.

Remedy Procedures

Depending on the issue, the remedies for IEC component defects may vary greatly from remedies used for software-based defects:

IEC repairs are performed at dealerships, while remedies for software-based components can be delivered remotely.
Costs for IECs are determined by the cost of materials, retail mark-ups, handling costs, labor and the number of vehicles involved, while costs for software remedies are dictated by the cost of developing a remedy for the software issue.

IEC remedy procedures involve the traditional process of inspection, repair or replacement of failed components, and software-based component defects could be remedied with the replacement of a component, but may also be fixed with an update to the software associated with the defective component.

Remedy Time

Software-based remedies are more standardized than IECs. For that reason, the Stout report has designated a general timeframe of 0.2 to 2 hours–with an average time of 0.6 hours–as the remedy time for software-based defects.

Non-software-related defects are less standardized, as they vary based on static factors such as the nature of the defect and location of the component. The Stout report listed average remedy times for various component defects, including airbags (0.8 hours) and engine & engine cooling (1.1 hours).

Remedy Delivery

Most software-related defects still require taking the traditional route of traveling to a dealership to meet with a technician. However, with software remedies, more options for delivery exist, including:

1. USB Flash Drives

These remedies are delivered via removable media, either sent to the vehicle owner on a USB flash drive or available for a vehicle owner to download onto their own removable media drive.

2. Over-the-Air Remedies

These remedies are delivered to vehicles via wireless transmission.

The Final Takeaways

If the findings of the Stout report hold true, an increase in software-based defects/recalls and a decrease in non-software problems will continue to trend in the future. This trend can be analyzed through Stout’s method of grouping the IEC, software integration, software defects and software remedies in separate categories.

By looking at this data, Stout determined that, in 2018, the number of software-related defects (software integration, defects and remedies) climbed astronomically, while the number of IECs dropped dramatically.

Stout’s data also reveals that software-related defects are often found within the first two years of the life of the vehicle, while non-software-related defects can be exposed much later on in a vehicle’s life. The remedy process for software-based component defects is generally more streamlined than the remedy procedure for IECs: By the use of removable storage devices and Wi-Fi, a trip to the dealership may not even be required.

Photo supplied by Free Images.

Child Heatstroke Dangers and Your Car

July 17, 2019 by admin 2 Comments

Parents and caregivers understand the importance of restraining children in their car booster seats, an effective way to protect youngsters during an accident. However, even with children safely in place, one significant and overlooked hazard may be lying in wait: heatstroke. Heatstroke can lead to death, a severe medical condition that kills more than three dozen children annually when they are left unattended in a passenger vehicle.

Signs of Heatstroke

While adults may understand the signs of heatstroke, small children do not. Heatstroke, also known as hyperthermia, occurs when the body’s temperature reaches 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher according to the Mayo Clinic.

As a body overheats, heat cramps set in. Heat cramps are muscle spasms caused by a loss of salt and water, an affliction that commonly affects people that exercise in very warm conditions. Heat cramps can quickly give way to heat exhaustion, what the Mayo Clinic notes is evident when “heavy sweating, nausea, lightheadedness and feeling faint” is present.

As the body’s temperature begins to rise, heatstroke may set in. Heatstroke can damage vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, brain, and muscles. Without quick medical intervention, death may occur.

Hot Car Conditions

Whether children are accidentally left in a car or somehow get in unlocked cars or trunks without their parents’ knowledge, such vehicles can become very hot, particularly during the summer months. Even when outside temperatures are relatively cool, such as in the 60s, the inside temperature of your car can rise above 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover, cabin temperatures can rise by about 20 degrees within just 10 minutes according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

Deadly cabin temperatures can be reached within just 10 minutes if the outside temperature is in the low 80s. And, leaving a window open an inch or two with the car running and the air-conditioning on may do little to keep a car cool. Children’s bodies do not regulate heat in the same way as adults. Indeed, the NHTSA notes that a child’s body temperature may increase from three to five times faster than an adult’s when sitting inside a vehicle.

Taking Preventive Measures

There are two ways that parents and caregivers can prevent heatstroke.

First, all unattended vehicles should be locked, the trunk included. Children should be instructed to never play in or near vehicles.

Second, the KidsandCars.org advocacy group advises people to “look before you lock,” offering a safety checklist to encourage parents to be extra vigilant when children are in the car.

That checklist advises parents to leave something in the backseat of the car that they’ll need when they stop, such as a purse or a briefcase. That way, when reaching for the item, they will remember that their child is still in the car.

Janette Fennell, the founder of KidsandCars.org, notes that fatigued or distracted parents and caregivers may leave a child in the car while going to work, forgetting to drop her off at daycare. Parents can also arrange with a caregiver to automatically call them if the child does not arrive at their drop off location on time. Leaving the child’s stuffed animal or another favorite toy in the front seat while you are driving is another way to remember that your little one is with you.

Safety Measures Work

When you are tired or busy you tend to forget things, perhaps even your child safely strapped in his car seat. Heatstroke is a potentially deadly condition that can be avoided, provided you take the recommended safety measures.

See Also — How to Keep Children Safe in a Crash

Photo attribution: Stiller Beobachter from Ansbach, Germany [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

After the Crash: Replace the Car Seat?

September 28, 2018 by admin 1 Comment

Timely tips for Child Passenger Safety Week

You never saw it coming. A driver cuts into your lane, clips your right front fender, spins your SUV and forces it into a guardrail.

The airbags deploy, you’re momentarily stunned and then suddenly you’re jarred into full alert mode as your toddler lets out an ear-piercing wail. Fortunately, your daughter isn’t hurt — she’s just confused and frightened. Her car seat protected her from injury and for that you’re immensely grateful.

Although your car can be fixed, did you know that your child’s car seat or booster seat should be replaced following a moderate to a severe accident? It may look okay, but that doesn’t mean it is fit for duty. Indeed, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) advises that car seats or booster seats involved in certain types of accidents should be discarded.

Child Passenger Safety Week

Recently, experts from CARSTAR — North America’s largest network of collision repair specialists — teamed with Evenflo, an innovator in child safety equipment, including car and booster seats, to shine a light on this little-known fact.

Working with Shannon Spake, a Fox Sports host who covers football, basketball and motorsports, the companies drew attention to car seat safety as part of Child Passenger Safety Week this week. Spake is the mother of twin boys and like other parents is well versed in car seat safety.

Said Spake, “When your car is involved in a crash, it’s just as important that you take care of your car seat or booster seat as it is to address the car damage. CARSTAR and Evenflo want to make sure parents everywhere are aware of the potential need to replace their car seat or booster seat after a crash.”

Minor Car Crash Defined

So, what defines a minor crash, one that DOES NOT require the replacement of a car seat or a booster seat? The NHTSA is very particular about what this means, identifying five points that must apply across the line:

The vehicle was able to be driven away from the crash site.
The vehicle door nearest the car seat was not damaged.
None of the passengers in the vehicle sustained any injuries in the crash.
If the vehicle has airbags, the airbags did not deploy during the crash; and
There is no visible damage to the car seat.

On the flip side, the NHTSA says to NEVER use a car seat that has been involved in a moderate to severe crash. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

“CARSTAR is committed to repairing accident damage and getting families back on the road in a safe vehicle, and the child safety seat is a major part of that vehicle’s safety system,” said Dean Fisher, Chief Operating Officer for CARSTAR. “Any time you’re replacing sheet metal, bumpers, airbags and other safety systems, you’ve been in an accident hard enough to damage the car seat. It’s a cost that many insurance policies cover, so it’s always smart to replace the car seat and ensure your child is safe and protected on the road.”

Turn to Your Car Seat Manufacturer for Guidance

What should consumers do? Evenflo recommends that consumers contact their car seat manufacturer if they have questions about car seat replacement after a crash.

“Crash damage to a car seat or booster seat may not always be visible,” said Evenflo Safety Advocate Sarah Haverstick. “Damage can occur even if the child restraint is unoccupied during the crash. If a consumer has a question about whether their car seat should be replaced, it is important to contact their car seat manufacturer directly for guidance.”

Essential Child Protection Safety Tips

Beyond the likely replacement of a car seat following a moderate to severe accident, Evenflo offers three helpful reminders regarding child passenger safety:

Make sure your child’s age, weight and height are within the requirements for any car seat you are considering for purchase.
Check the NHTSA guidance to help determine what type of car seat is appropriate for a child’s size and development level.
For help with car seat installation and use, contact your car seat manufacturer or find a certified child passenger safety technician near you.

Keep Your Child Safe

Car seat safety is no small matter. There are child passenger safety (CPS) technicians in your area who can help ensure your car seats are installed correctly and teach you how to install a car seat on your own.

For more information, visit Safe Kids Worldwide.

Photo courtesy of CARSTAR.

How to Keep Children Safe in a Crash

February 1, 2018 by admin 2 Comments

Children need special protection when riding in a car.

children and car seat safety — Child car seat safety PSA. How *not* to buckle your child.

More than 30,000 Americans die in car crashes each year, including 1,300 children aged 12 and younger. Car safety begins by properly buckling in all occupants with special consideration given to ensuring that children are adequately protected. The kind of protection used varies by age with the federal government recommending that all children under 13 sit in the back seat if one is available.

Vehicle Occupant Basics

Children aged 12 and under should ride in the back seat if there is one. Moreover, in some states such as California, Georgia, New Jersey and Wyoming, state law mandates using a rear seat for younger children if one is available. For the past 25 years new cars have been equipped with airbags, a safety protector for adults, but a lethal weapon that can kill kids according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Babies and Toddlers

From birth thorough age 2, kids should be placed in a rear-facing child safety seat. That safety seat should carry a five-star rating from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to provide the protection your kids need and the instructions you can understand. Specifically, the Ease-of-Use Ratings furnished by the NHTSA go beyond seat safety to cover four essential areas: evaluation of instructions, vehicle installation features, evaluation of labels and securing the child. The NHTSA notes that child safety seats “must fit right to work right.”

See Also — Child Heatstroke Dangers and Your Car

Pre-Kindergarten Children

When young children outgrow their first child safety seat, a larger forward-facing seat should be used. Such seats hold children who weigh up to 40 pounds and must be used with the seat’s harness. Some of the newer seats have a higher weight limit and provide protection for kids older than the customary four-year-old child limit.

Your School-Aged Children

Children from about aged four to aged eight can move to a booster seat once they reach the height and weight limits of their child safety seat. Belt-positioning booster seats provide adequate protection and should be fitted with the upper (shoulder) strap crossing the chest and out across the shoulder near the neck. Kids should sit up straight with their knees bent at the seat’s edge advises the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Preteen Vehicle Occupants

Once children reach 4 feet 9 inches tall, a booster seat is no longer needed. Instead, youngsters should use seat belts just as an adult does. The lap portion of the belt should cross the upper thighs and the shoulder belt portion should cross the chest and out across the shoulder near the neck.

LATCH Requirements

To make it easier for parents to strap their kids in, the federal government mandates that car manufacturers install lower anchors and tethers for children (LATCH) system to make it easier to attach child restraints to vehicle seats securely. Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual for instructions on how to connect child safety seats and booster seats.

Child safety seats and booster seats can help reduce injuries and death, but they’re only as effective as they are used properly. Keep tabs on the safety of your seats by following the seat recall list and responding to those recalls immediately.

See Also — Pet Safety: Subaru Goes for the Dogs

Photo credit: Steven DePalo